Running is rewarding and antidepressive

Long-term voluntary wheel running is rewarding and produces plasticity in the mesolimbic reward pathway.

The mesolimbic reward pathway is implicated in stress-related psychiatric disorders and is a potential target of plasticity underlying the stress resistance produced by repeated voluntary exercise. It is unknown, however, whether rats find long-term access to running wheels rewarding, or if repeated voluntary exercise reward produces plastic changes in mesolimbic reward neurocircuitry. In the c...

[Antidepressive agents to children and adolescents: continuous restriction is justified].

Giving is self-rewarding for monkeys.

Helping and sharing among humans is often motivated by empathy and accompanied by a sense of satisfaction. To determine whether similar self-rewarding mechanisms may underpin assistance among nonhuman primates, eight female brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) underwent testing in a simple choice paradigm. Paired with a partner, subjects could select either a "selfish" option that rewarded onl...

Rewarding Results or Rewarding Efforts?

Abstract The main objective of teaching is to make sure that the students learn the required material. From this viewpoint, it seems reasonable to reward students when they learn this material. In other words, it seems reasonable to assign the student’s rewards (such as grades) based on their level of knowledge. However, experiments show that, contrary to this seemingly intuitive conclusion, we...

Prodrugs and active metabolites among antidepressive compounds.

Clinical effect of drugs is influenced by the composition of the pharmaceutical preparation but substantially by the fate of the drug in the body. Metabolism of the xenobiotic drug compounds may result in pharmacologically inactive metabolites, however, metabolites with higher pharmacological activity can also be produced. These active metabolites may have different pharmacokinetic properties t...